John Henry Newman (1801-1890), a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church, was born in London and graduated from Oxford in 1820. For several years he was a tutor at that college. He was a leader of the High Church party in the Church of England and had great influence among the young men at Oxford. He was ordained to the ministry in the Church of England in 1824 but in 1845 joined the Catholic Church. He was the most prominent and influential English Roman Catholic of the 19th century. His collected works include many volumes on doctrinal and ecclesiastical subjects as well as translations of Latin hymns. He greatly influenced the English Roman Catholic and High Anglican churches of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.